Types of Pipe Fittings and Where They Are Used

Though not glamorous, water pipes and fittings are critical to plumbing systems. They enable pipes to connect seamlessly, ensuring liquids flow properly to faucets and fixtures. With countless combinations of pipe sizes, materials, and thread types, there are thousands of plumbing connections types available. Below, we discuss common pipe fittings types, their materials, and tips for selecting the right ones for your system.

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What is a pipe fitting?

Pipe fittings are components that join plumbing pipes to create functional configurations. They redirect flow, extend pipe runs, or adjust flow rates. The choice of fitting depends on pipe size, material, fluid type, and system pressure.

Common Types of Pipe Fittings

Many plumbing fitting types exist, but these are frequently used in household systems:

Elbows: Change flow direction (e.g., 45° or 90° bends).

Tees: Split or merge flow via T-shaped junctions.

Couplings: Connect two pipes of identical size.

Reducers: Join pipes of different diameters.

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Unions: Allow easy disassembly for maintenance.

Caps/Plugs: Seal pipe ends.

Adapters: Transition between materials or thread standards (e.g., female-to-female pipe adapters).

Valves: Control flow (e.g., ball valves, gate valves).

How to select the right pipe fitting

When choosing a pipe fitting for your application, you must center on three subtle elements of your channels: their materials and sizes.

Material Compatibility

Use fittings made of the same material as the pipes. For mixed materials, use transition fittings (e.g., brass-to-PVC adapters) if compatible.

Size Accuracy

Match fitting sizes to pipe diameters. Use reducers or bushings for size mismatches.

For more information, please visit How to Choose the Right Threaded Fittings for Your Market?.