Application and Properties of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose HMPC

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Application and Properties of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose HMPC

Plaster is a substrate treatment for the inside of walls, render refers ro the substrate for the outside of walls, it is sometimes also referred to as putty, though in British English putty also refers to a linseed paste that is used in the installation of traditional wooden windows. Plaster or Render is often applied in a maleable putty like format, which helps to achieve to a sealed and smooth finish, prior to final coating. The main function is to fill in defects in the base wall and to microfine the base surface.

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HPMC.29.3F"> What is Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)?

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is a non-ionic cellulose ether. It is an odourless and tasteless white powder. It is produced from purified cotton or wood pulp by a series of etherification reactions.

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Properties of HPMC

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) has thermal gelation properties, as its aqueous solution precipitates and gels, and dissolves when cooled. The gelation temperature varies depending on the specification, and its solubility varies with viscosity, the lower the viscosity, the higher the solubility. HPMC is essentially methane-epoxide-modified methyl cellulose and therefore has similar properties to methyl cellulose, being readily soluble in cold water and insoluble in hot water. The solution does not contain an ionic charge and therefore will not react with metal salts or ionic compounds.

HPMC has good dispersability, emulsification, thickening, adhesion, water retention, and glue retention properties and is therefore widely used in pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, construction, ceramics, textiles, food, daily chemicals, synthetic resins, coatings and other fields, as well as electronic products.

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Application of HPMC in putty powder

Depending on the application, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) can be classified as construction grade, food grade and medical grade. In construction, HPMC is mainly used in laster (also called putty powder), with varying percentages used in the gypsum mix.

HPMC powder is mainly used as a thickener, water retention agent and lubricant.

• Thickeners: HPMC is added to putty powder to thicken it, enhance its suspension, resist sagging and keep it in a homogeneous solution.
• Water Retainer: HPMC is added to putty powder to keep it moist and to allow the auxiliary grey calcium to act as an underwater agent.
• Lubricant: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose has a lubricating effect. The use of HPMC in putty powder gives the putty powder a good compatibility, keeps it flat during construction and saves labour.

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) does not chemically react, except as an auxiliary molecule. Though adding water to the powder causes a chemical reaction, during which a new substance (calcium carbonate) is formed. Because of the formation of this new substance (calcium carbonate) it can't be reused in the same way twice.The main components of grey calcium powder are:Ca(OH)2, CaO and a small amount of CaCO3 mixture.CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2 - Ca(OH)2+CO2=CaCO3↓+H2O gray calcium in water and air under the action of CO2, the formation of calcium carbonate, and HPMC only water, auxiliary gray calcium better reaction, its own did not participate in any reaction.

The formulation of the putty can vary from one size to another. As a result, the viscosity and dosage of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) vary. In practice, it is recommended to use a lower viscosity HPMC product in winter, which is more conducive to construction. Otherwise, when the temperature is low, the viscosity will increase and this may cause problems for further applications.

--Yichenghpmc

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Buildings

Related articles on Designing

Cosmetics Preservation: A Review on Present Strategies

The antimicrobial efficacy test is used to assess the efficacy of preservation systems in the final product. The antimicrobial efficacy test was initially designed to assess the performance of antimicrobials added to inhibit the growth of microorganisms that may be introduced into the product during or after the manufacturing process [97]. Several tests have been recommended by different laboratories, but the challenge test (described next) remains the method adopted by the international regulations. These methods are described in the European, American, and Japanese pharmacopoeia, as well as other organizations, such as PCPC (Personal Care Products Council) (from CTFA-M1 to CTFA-M7), ASEAN (Association for Southeast Asian Nations), ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), and International Organization for Standardization (ISO 11930 standard), among others.

Challenge Test

The challenge test is used during product development to determine the efficacy and stability of the preservative system over time. The test involves inoculating a measured amount of product with known amounts of microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts, and molds) [98]. Whenever possible the original packaging is used for the test. The containers are protected from light and incubated at room temperature for 28 days. The mortality rate is measured over this period in relation to the acceptance criteria set out in the official regulations documents [97,99].

Challenge test assessment is related to the stability of a formulation during manufacture, storage, and its use by the consumer. It is recommended that all these aspects be duly taken into account when performing such tests by carrying out the following parameters: (1) validation of the preservation efficacy when freshly prepared in laboratorial conditions; (2) validation of the preservation efficacy after the end of storage in the container, to show possible interference with the packaging materials; and (3) validation of preservation efficacy in the first production batch, just prior to packaging, thus revealing all possible influences occurring throughout the manufacturing process [100]. To evaluate the microbiological quality of a product, results of the efficacy test of a cosmetic product preservatives are collected and a prognosis is achieved [99]. The recommendations of the challenge test are inspired by the European, American, and Japanese pharmacopoeia. A comparison between these three pharmacopoeias is summarized in .

a. Test organisms

The specific strains recommended to be used in these tests can be obtained from official cell culture collections, such as the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The most common test strains are potentially pathogenic representatives of Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), molds (Aspergillus niger), and yeast (Candida albicans) [17].

Staphylococcus aureus represents Gram-positive cocci in many tests. It is a part of normal nasal and cutaneous microflora. Although rare, its presence in cosmetic products may be indicative of human contamination. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacilli. It is a well-known and highly pathogenic ubiquitous bacteria. It also shows high resistance against many preservatives. Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacilli of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is considered as an indicator of fecal contamination. Like most coliform bacteria, it can easily develop resistance to preservatives. Candida albicans is present in human mucous and ubiquitous in the environment. It is the representative of yeasts being an example of yeast resistance to presents to preserved systems. Aspergillus niger is a major cause of product decomposition and contamination by filamentous fungi [6,17,101].

The conservation of strains is an important factor. For example, most bacteria and the yeast Candida remain viable for one month under refrigerated conditions, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa cannot be useful after two weeks (depending on specific conditions). An effective way to keep mold spores is to store them at room temperature on slanted agar. Weekly or periodic transplanting may be done to ensure the viability of microorganisms, but this practice increases the risk of resistance loss. Alternatively, the cultures can also be frozen or lyophilized, in order to maintain the stability of the microorganism and avoid the need of frequent subcultures. The main advantage of these storage media is the prevention of genetic resistance factors loss [28,102].

b. Inoculum

Strain maintenance is an important component of any standard protocol, and involves standardization of strain storage, culture conditions (time and temperature), and selected nutrient medium [103]. The growth and preparation of a test organism determines its physiological state and have a direct influence on the results of the preservative efficacy analysis [104,105]. It is essential to maintain cultures of microorganisms that are transplanted on suitable supports, to ensure viability and resistance [103].

A medium such as tryptic soy agar (soybean-casein digest agar) supports vigorous growth and is recommended for the initial culture of the bacteria. Sabouraud dextrose agar is a non-selective medium used for the cultivation and conservation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi [106].

Pharmacopoeia use saline solutions to wash test strains before inoculation instead of nutrient broth. The latter decreases the inactivation rate of the test organisms comparatively with the saline solution prepared for the strains grown on the agar [107].

According to all the three pharmacopoeia, the strains are cultured for the same period of time, ensuring that the cells are viable and growing in the log phase, thereby normalizing the response to antimicrobial agents [38,108,109].

c. Inoculation of samples

After adjusting the number of starting cells, the inoculum is then used to inoculate test samples. For some organizations (such as CTFA), samples of cosmetic products can be inoculated as bacterial or fungal “cocktails”. Nevertheless, the use of bacterial or fungal mixtures offers considerable savings in time and cost. However, the three pharmacopoeias recommend inoculation by a single strain separately. The volume of the inoculum should not exceed 1% of the product sample, in order to avoid the modification of its physical and chemical properties [38,108,109].

The inoculated test samples are incubated during 28 days, varying the conditions between room and high temperature, depending on the objective, since higher temperatures are used to simulate specific environmental conditions. Temperatures between 20–25 °C support the growth of microorganisms and their possible reaction with preservative active ingredients [98].

d. Assessment of the microbial level for cosmetic products

To estimate the level of microorganisms inoculated in a sample of a cosmetic product, it is required to select the appropriate conditions of each culture (culture medium, dilution, temperature and period of incubation). These conditions must provide an unlimited growth of microorganisms, resulting in the inactivation of the preservative system present in the sample [102].

The number of viable microorganisms’ existent in the inoculums suspension is determined by the plate count method, through which the initial concentration of CFU/mL in the test product is determined. The inoculated vessels are examined 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after inoculation and the number of microorganisms (CFU/mL) is determined at each time interval, being the percentage of microorganisms estimated relative to the initial concentration [28].

The preservative inactivation is considered successful when the number of the microorganisms inoculated at zero time deviates by no more than 1 log10 from the one theoretically predicted. The survival rate can be either qualitatively or quantitatively evaluated [110]. Several independent researchers have applied other microorganism counting methods in the efficacy test of preservatives, including impedance, direct epifluorescence (DEF), and ATP bioluminescence (ATP-B).

The impedance method is based on a calibration between CFU and the impedance detection time (DT) establishment. In this method, the electrochemical changes in a microbiological culture due to microorganisms’ metabolism is measured [111]. In a culture medium, the impedance variation occurs due to the chemical composition modification caused by the growth of microorganisms and metabolic activity. The density of the population of microorganisms is correlated with the DT of the impedance. The DT is referred to as the time required to produce a detectable acceleration in the impedance curve [112]. The results obtained indicated that this method is applicable to the entire range of test strains (bacterial and fungal), having a detection sensitivity equivalent colony counting method, representing a satisfactory alternative to this one [113,114]. In 2014, Ferreira et al. [115] used lyophilized inoculum of solid powders in order to enable the microorganisms’ homogenization in the sample. They also verified the applicability of the impedance method for these lyophilized inoculum.

The direct epifluorescence (DEF) method is based on the observation that viable microbial cells, which mainly contain RNA, are stained in red with orange acridine, while non-viable cells, which mainly contain DNA, are stained in green. The DEF, as a quick method, has two major advantages: first, it gives an immediate result (between 1 to 4 h); and second, it presents the potential for high detection sensitivity which is determined by the maximum sample volume that can be concentrated on the filter. However, in practice, there are problems associated with the interference of cellular debris with viable cells (red stain), as well as interference of dead clumped cells with microcolonies (green fluorescence). The clumping of bacterial cells by some preservatives (chlorhexidine) is another problem which overestimates the viability. Thus, this technique is not applicable to Aspergillus and it is not suitable for processing complex formulations that cause problems in filtration of samples [116].

In the ATP bioluminescence method (ATP-B), the bioluminescence mechanism involves the enzyme luciferase in the presence of luciferin, oxygen (O2), magnesium and ATP. This reaction leads to the emission of photons and the intensity of the light produced is directly proportional to the rate of ATP [117]. However, this method is not applicable to the genus Aspergillus, and to creams or suspensions, since these latest could interfere with the detection of light emission [116].

e. Interpretation of results

The acceptance criteria, in terms of the logarithmic reduction of the viable microorganism’s number relatively to the value obtained for the inoculums, vary for the different categories of preparations, according to the international organizations [118]. The criteria of the three pharmacopoeias for the evaluation of antimicrobial activity are given in . The log reduction is calculated by the following equation: log reduction = log of initial CFU/mL-log of product challenge results CFU/mL [98].

Sidley Chemical Co., Ltd

What Is Hydroxyethyl Cellulose. Applications and Properties

Hydroxyethyl Cellulose

 

Hydroxyethyl Cellulose is a white, free-flowing granular powder, prepared from the alkali cellulose and ethylene oxide (or ethylene chlorohydrin) by etherification, and belongs to non-ionic soluble cellulose ethers, both soluble in hot and cold water. Owing to good thickening, suspending, dispersing, emulsifying, film-forming, water-protecting and providing protective colloid properties, Hydroxyethyl Cellulose has been widely used in oil exploitation, coating, building, medicine, food, textile, papermaking, polymerization and other fields.

In the daily chemical industry such as toothpaste, soap, lotion and cosmetics, and ointment, Hydroxyethyl Cellulose acts as a thickener, dispersing agent, binder and stabilizer to increase the density, lubrication, and mercerized appearance of products. SidleyCel™ Hydroxyethyl Cellulose products are applicable to personal care and cosmetics, with purity over 95%. The reliable quality and high stability have been recognized by customers.

Hydroxyethyl Cellulose has wide applications: In the paint industry, Hydroxyethyl Cellulose can provide the latex paint especially high PVA paints with excellent coating performance. When the paint is thick paste, no flocculation will occur. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose has higher thickening effects. It can reduce the dosage, improve the cost-effectiveness of formulation, and enhance the washing resistance of paints. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose is all treated by the delayed dissolution, and in the case of adding dry powder, can effectively prevent caking and make sure hydration starts after the adequate dispersion of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose powder.

Hydroxyethyl Cellulose of daily-chemical grade has good mildew-resistant performance, system thickening and rheology modifying functions, as well as good water retention and film formation, and gives the final product full visual effects and all necessary application performance. The surface-treated Hydroxyethyl Cellulose has cold water solubility, and dry powder can be used and directly added into water. Good dispersion of the product in water can avoid clumping of product, and the occurrence of uneven dissolution. The final aqueous solution is uniform, continuous and full.

Hydroxyethyl Cellulose can be used as a thickener and cementing agent of workover fluid for oil wells. It helps to provide with the clear solution with a low fixed content, thus greatly reducing the damage to the structure of oil wells.  The liquid with Hydroxyethyl Cellulose used for thickening gets easily decomposed by the acid, enzyme or oxidizing agent, and greatly enhances the ability of hydrocarbon recovery. In the oil well fluid, hydroxyethyl cellulose is used as the carrier of proppant. These fluids can be easily decomposed by the the processes described above.

Applications

Description/Benefits

Coating ,Painting  Industrial

Hydroxyethy Cellulose provides the latex paints especially high PVA paints with excellent coating performance. When the paint is thick paste, no flocculation will occur.

Hydroxyethy Cellulose provides the latex paints especially high PVA paints with excellent coating performance. When the paint is thick paste, no flocculation will occur.

For more What Is Redispersible Polymer Powder?information, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.

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Pharmaceutical Chemicals Wholesale

Applications in Oil Well Cementing and Drilling

Hydroxyethy Cellulose can be used as a thickener and cementing agent of workover fluid for oil wells. It helps to provide with the clear solution with a low fixed content, thus greatly reducing the damage to the structure of oil wells.

Hydroxyethy Cellulose can be used as a thickener and cementing agent of workover fluid for oil wells. It helps to provide with the clear solution with a low fixed content, thus greatly reducing the damage to the structure of oil wells.

Application Guide for Daily Chemical Industry

Hydroxyethy Cellulose of daily-chemical grade has good mildew-resistant performance, system thickening and rheology modifying functions, as well as good water retention and film formation, and gives the final product full visual effects and all necessary application performance.

Hydroxyethy Cellulose of daily-chemical grade has good mildew-resistant performance, system thickening and rheology modifying functions, as well as good water retention and film formation, and gives the final product full visual effects and all necessary application performance.

 

 

Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose: [C6H7O2 (OH)x (OC2H5)y [O(CH2CH2O)mH]z]nEthyl Hydroxyethyl Cellulose is cellulose in which both ethyl and hydroxyethyl groups are attached to the anhydroglucose units by ether linkages. Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose is prepared from cellulose by treatment with alkali, ethylene oxide and ethyl chloride. The article of commerce may be specified further by the viscosity of its aqueous solutions. more Hydroxyethyl cellulose is is a thickening or gelling agent made from cellulose. It is used as an ingredient in solutions such as household cleaning products, soaps, and shampoos. Hydroxyethyl cellulose thickens these solutions and reduces the amount of suds or foam they. This increases the cleaning effect because colloids surround the dirt particles, which then wash away with water. more hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), a nonionic, water-soluble polymer, is a white, free-flowing granular powder. It is made by reacting ethylene oxide with alkali-cellulose under rigidly controlled conditions. Purified hydroxyethylcellulose for personal care and cosmetic applications is typically sold at 95.0 percent minimum purity (dry basis).Solutions of hydroxyethylcellulose are pseudoplastic or shear-thinning. As a result, personal care products formulated with hydroxyethylcellulose dispense rich and thick from the container, but spread easily on hair and skin.hydroxyethylcellulose has applications in multiple markets including adhesives and sealants, advanced ceramics, building and construction, ceramics, pottery and porcelain, commercial and institutional, oil and gas technologies, metal castings and foundry, paint and coatings, personal care pharmaceutical and pulp and paper. more Hydroxyethyl cellulose is a gelling and thickening agent derived from cellulose. It is widely used in cosmetics, cleaning solutions, and other household products.[1] Hydroxyethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose are frequently used with hydrophobic drugs in capsule formulations, to improve the drugs’ dissolution in the gastrointestinal fluids. This process is known as “Hydrophilization”.Hydroxyethyl cellulose is the main ingredient in the lubricant KY Jelly. It is also a key ingredient in the formation of big bubbles as it possesses the ability to dissolve in water but also provide structural strength to the soap bubble. more There are different grades of Hydroxethyl Cellulose with varying formulation requirements. Hydroxethyl Cellulose (HEC) is a free-flowing, extremely easy to use, granular powder that easily disperses into room temperature water without clumping or forming “fish-eyes”. We are currently the only distributor for this particular Hydroxyethcellose (HEC) product, therefore other Hydroxethyl Cellulose  products will likely require different formulation technique and procedures.Hydroxethyl Cellulose (HEC) has an exceptional skin feel and is the perfect ingredient to make crystal clear serums for water soluble active ingredients. It can also be used to make crystal clear, water soluble hair styling gels. In addition, Hydroxethyl Cellulose (HEC) offers excellent functionality when used in the water phase of emulsions to build viscosity and stability. However, Hydroxethyl Cellulose (HEC) is not an emulsifier and will not emulsify oils into water. more Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) is a non-ionic rheology modifier derived from cellulose (wood), a renewable raw material.  Like all polymers (gums), the use of Hydroxyethylcellulose in your personal care products will change the flow properties of water.  This can benefit a variety of personal care products allowing you to create crystal clear serums, softer creams and lotions, and enhanced cleansing systems.more In oildrillingA nonionic cellulose derivative with hydroxyethyl groups attached to the polymer structure. Hydroxyethylcellulose is used as a viscosifier in brines and saline fracturing fluids, workover fluids, completion fluids and drill-in fluids. It gives pseudoplastic rheology but essentially no gel strength development. Hydroxyethylcellulose offers little fluid-loss control, other than its rheological effects. Hydroxyethylcellulose is seldom used in drilling fluids. Cellulose fibers are reacted with caustic soda and ethylene oxide to form Hydroxyethylcellulose. Hydroxyethyl groups attach to the OH groups of the polysaccharide structure by ether linkages. A high degree of substitution (from 1.5 to 2.5 out of 3 maximum) gives Hydroxyethylcellulose superior solubility in water and various brines. Being nonionic, it is not precipitated by hardness ions and disperses well at high salinity. Hydroxyethylcellulose is not degraded by common bacteria. more Hydroxyethyl Cellulose or HEC is a thickening agent that is used in cosmetics.  There are a lot of thickeners, as well as reasons to use certain thickeners.  Cetyl Alcohol is a great thickener and feels really wonderful, but some people might be sensitive to it.  Cetearyl Alcohol is a nice thickener, but might not have quite as nice of a feel to it.  Xanthan Gum, which is a food additive and also a cosmetic, can be used in place of HEC, but has some ionic incompatibility issues in certain products, which is why I alternatively use HEC in some situations. Both Xanthan Gum and HEC are actually water stabilizers and help to create a more stable emulsion in an unstable oil-and-water environment, which is what any lotion is.  Basic chemistry states that oil and water do not mix.  When you make lotion, you must add an emulsifier, but sometimes an emulsifier alone does not create the most stabile environment and a water stabilizer is needed.  Depending on the situation, I use both HEC and Xanthan gum. more Hydroxyethylcellulose History and OriginHydroxyethylcellulose is derived from cellulose and is used in many industries such as skin care products, hair care products, cleaning solutions and many other common household products that are used every day by the general public. Its importance in the field of medicine makes it an indispensable ingredient in making hydrophobic drugs and medications that are usually packaged in capsule forms. Hydroxyethylcellulose makes this medication easily absorbed by the walls of the gastro intestinal system.Hydroxyethylcellulose Modern UsesDuring today’s modern times, Hydroxyethylcellulose was created to improve the quality of many care and cleaning products so as to dissolve perfectly in water. This makes this an indispensable additive in most personal care items such as shampoos, body washes, moisturizing gels, shower and bath products.In the cosmetic industry, Hydroxyethylcellulose is perfect in thickening cosmetic emulsions such as concealers, foundations and mascaras. It makes these products easy to apply onto the skin and to remain on the skin as well.This chemical is also found in many household cleaners, household products and other personal care items. more

Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose: [C6H7O2 (OH)x (OC2H5)y [O(CH2CH2O)mH]z]nEthyl Hydroxyethyl Cellulose is cellulose in which both ethyl and hydroxyethyl groups are attached to the anhydroglucose units by ether linkages. Ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose is prepared from cellulose by treatment with alkali, ethylene oxide and ethyl chloride. The article of commerce may be specified further by the viscosity of its aqueous solutions. moreis is a thickening or gelling agent made from cellulose. It is used as an ingredient in solutions such as household cleaning products, soaps, and shampoos. Hydroxyethyl cellulose thickens these solutions and reduces the amount of suds or foam they. This increases the cleaning effect because colloids surround the dirt particles, which then wash away with water. more(HEC), a nonionic, water-soluble polymer, is a white, free-flowing granular powder. It is made by reacting ethylene oxide with alkali-cellulose under rigidly controlled conditions. Purified hydroxyethylcellulose for personal care and cosmetic applications is typically sold at 95.0 percent minimum purity (dry basis).Solutions of hydroxyethylcellulose are pseudoplastic or shear-thinning. As a result, personal care products formulated with hydroxyethylcellulose dispense rich and thick from the container, but spread easily on hair and skin.hydroxyethylcellulose has applications in multiple markets including adhesives and sealants, advanced ceramics, building and construction, ceramics, pottery and porcelain, commercial and institutional, oil and gas technologies, metal castings and foundry, paint and coatings, personal care pharmaceutical and pulp and paper. moreis a gelling and thickening agent derived from cellulose. It is widely used in cosmetics, cleaning solutions, and other household products.[1] Hydroxyethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose are frequently used with hydrophobic drugs in capsule formulations, to improve the drugs’ dissolution in the gastrointestinal fluids. This process is known as “Hydrophilization”.Hydroxyethyl cellulose is the main ingredient in the lubricant KY Jelly. It is also a key ingredient in the formation of big bubbles as it possesses the ability to dissolve in water but also provide structural strength to the soap bubble. more There are different grades ofwith varying formulation requirements. Hydroxethyl Cellulose (HEC) is a free-flowing, extremely easy to use, granular powder that easily disperses into room temperature water without clumping or forming “fish-eyes”. We are currently the only distributor for this particular Hydroxyethcellose (HEC) product, therefore other Hydroxethyl Cellulose products will likely require different formulation technique and procedures.(HEC) has an exceptional skin feel and is the perfect ingredient to make crystal clear serums for water soluble active ingredients. It can also be used to make crystal clear, water soluble hair styling gels. In addition, Hydroxethyl Cellulose (HEC) offers excellent functionality when used in the water phase of emulsions to build viscosity and stability. However, Hydroxethyl Cellulose (HEC) is not an emulsifier and will not emulsify oils into water. more(HEC) is a non-ionic rheology modifier derived from cellulose (wood), a renewable raw material. Like all polymers (gums), the use of Hydroxyethylcellulose in your personal care products will change the flow properties of water. This can benefit a variety of personal care products allowing you to create crystal clear serums, softer creams and lotions, and enhanced cleansing systems.more In oildrillingA nonionic cellulose derivative with hydroxyethyl groups attached to the polymer structure.is used as a viscosifier in brines and saline fracturing fluids, workover fluids, completion fluids and drill-in fluids. It gives pseudoplastic rheology but essentially no gel strength development. Hydroxyethylcellulose offers little fluid-loss control, other than its rheological effects. Hydroxyethylcellulose is seldom used in drilling fluids. Cellulose fibers are reacted with caustic soda and ethylene oxide to form Hydroxyethylcellulose. Hydroxyethyl groups attach to the OH groups of the polysaccharide structure by ether linkages. A high degree of substitution (from 1.5 to 2.5 out of 3 maximum) gives Hydroxyethylcellulose superior solubility in water and various brines. Being nonionic, it is not precipitated by hardness ions and disperses well at high salinity. Hydroxyethylcellulose is not degraded by common bacteria. moreor HEC is a thickening agent that is used in cosmetics. There are a lot of thickeners, as well as reasons to use certain thickeners. Cetyl Alcohol is a great thickener and feels really wonderful, but some people might be sensitive to it. Cetearyl Alcohol is a nice thickener, but might not have quite as nice of a feel to it. Xanthan Gum, which is a food additive and also a cosmetic, can be used in place of HEC, but has some ionic incompatibility issues in certain products, which is why I alternatively use HEC in some situations. Both Xanthan Gum and HEC are actually water stabilizers and help to create a more stable emulsion in an unstable oil-and-water environment, which is what any lotion is. Basic chemistry states that oil and water do not mix. When you make lotion, you must add an emulsifier, but sometimes an emulsifier alone does not create the most stabile environment and a water stabilizer is needed. Depending on the situation, I use both HEC and Xanthan gum. moreHistory and OriginHydroxyethylcellulose is derived from cellulose and is used in many industries such as skin care products, hair care products, cleaning solutions and many other common household products that are used every day by the general public. Its importance in the field of medicine makes it an indispensable ingredient in making hydrophobic drugs and medications that are usually packaged in capsule forms. Hydroxyethylcellulose makes this medication easily absorbed by the walls of the gastro intestinal system.Modern UsesDuring today’s modern times, Hydroxyethylcellulose was created to improve the quality of many care and cleaning products so as to dissolve perfectly in water. This makes this an indispensable additive in most personal care items such as shampoos, body washes, moisturizing gels, shower and bath products.In the cosmetic industry, Hydroxyethylcellulose is perfect in thickening cosmetic emulsions such as concealers, foundations and mascaras. It makes these products easy to apply onto the skin and to remain on the skin as well.This chemical is also found in many household cleaners, household products and other personal care items. more

Mix viscous HydroxyEthylCellulose solutions, using the NovAseptic HS mixer, at small & large scales

This mixing demonstration illustrates when pilot scale mixing evaluations are developed beforehand it simplifies larger scale mixing trials and improves the likelihood of an efficient mixing process. more

Cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl ether 2-Hydroxyethyl celluloseFormula: (C2H602)xMolecular mass: variable (polymer) moreHydroxyethyl Cellulose Synonyms

Cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl ether 2-Formula: (C2H602)xMolecular mass: variable (polymer) moreHydroxyethyl Cellulose Synonyms

 Also learn more about Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose 

 

Introduction

Laundry liquid detergents have revolutionized the way we clean our clothes, offering convenience, performance, and ease of use. For industry insiders, mastering the formulation of liquid detergents is essential for producing high-quality products that meet customer expectations and comply with stringent regulations. This comprehensive guide provides insights into the essential components, functional ingredients, innovative developments, and market trends for liquid detergent formulations.

The Basic Science Behind Liquid Detergent Formulation – Ingredients and Their Roles

Laundry detergent liquid formulation is an intricate process that merges chemistry, biology, and physics principles. The goal is to create a product that effectively cleans clothing, offers convenience and ease of use, and addresses various fabric and stain concerns. In this section, we will explore the essential components that make up a typical laundry detergent liquid and discuss their specific roles and functions.

The following table provides a comprehensive overview of the common ingredients found in laundry detergent liquids and their respective roles. By understanding the functions of each component and how they interact with one another, industry insiders can better design innovative and high-performance laundry detergent liquid formulations that cater to consumer needs and adhere to regulatory standards.

IngredientFunctionCommon OptionsWeight ratio, %
(By active content)Primary surfactantsFoaming, cleansingSodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)
Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)
Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LAS)10-20Secondary surfactantsDetergency, foaming, wettingFatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether(AEO)
Cocamide DEA(CDEA)
Cocamidopropyl Betaine(CAPB)
Cocamidopropylamine Oxide(CAO)
Alkyl Polyglucoside (APG)2-8Chelating agentsPreventing metal ion interferenceEthylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA)0.1-1EnzymesTargeted stain removalProteases0.5-3DefoamersPreventing excessive foamingSilicone-based antifoaming agents0.05-1BuilderEnhancing detergent performanceSodium Carbonate
Sodium Silicate
Sodium Polyacrylate1-10Buffers & pH regulatorsControlling pHSodium Hydroxide
Citric Acid0.1-1Optical brightenersEnhancing color brightnessTinopal CBS-X0.1-1ColorantsProviding colorDyes: Direct, Acid, and Basic Pigments0.001-1FragrancesProviding scentEssential oils
Synthetic fragrances0.1-1PreservativesPreventing microbial growthBenzisothiazolinone (BIT)
Methylisothiazolinone (MIT)
Sorbic Acid
Sodium Benzoateq.s.ThickenersViscosity buildingSalt
Acrylates Copolymer
Cellulose Derivatives
Amides0.1-3Deionized WaterSolvent, CarrierDeionized Waterq.s. to 100%Laundry detergent liquid components overview

Essential Ingredients in Laundry Detergent Liquid Formulation

1. Primary Surfactants: These are the core active ingredients in laundry detergent liquids that play a crucial role in foaming and cleansing. Some common primary surfactants include Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES), and Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LABSA). These surfactants work by reducing the surface tension of water, enabling it to spread and penetrate the fabric more effectively. They also help lift and remove dirt, oils, and stains from the fabric.
2. Secondary Surfactants: These ingredients work alongside primary surfactants to enhance detergency, foaming, and wetting properties. Common secondary surfactants include Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether (AEO), Cocamide DEA (CDEA), Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB), and Cocamidopropylamine Oxide (CAO). These surfactants provide additional cleaning power and can help stabilize foam and boost the overall performance of the detergent.
3. Chelating Agents: These agents play a crucial role in preventing metal ion interference, which can impede detergent performance. Common chelating agents include Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA), sodium gluconate, and Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). They work by binding to metal ions, such as calcium and magnesium, in hard water, rendering them inactive and improving the overall cleaning effectiveness of the detergent. Amongst, EDTA-2Na is the most commonly used one in liquid detergents.
4. Enzymes: These proteins target specific stains and soils, breaking them down for more effective removal by the detergent’s surfactants. Proteases are a common enzyme used in laundry detergents to target protein-based stains like blood, egg, and grass. Other enzymes, such as amylases and lipases, target carbohydrates and fats, respectively.
5. Builders: These ingredients enhance detergent performance by maintaining an alkaline pH, softening hard water, and preventing soil redeposition. Common builders include sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, and complex phosphates like sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). By working in conjunction with surfactants, builders improve the overall cleaning efficiency of laundry detergent liquids.
6. Bleaching Agents: These chemicals whiten and brighten fabrics by removing color from stains and soils. Common bleaching agents include hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate. They work by oxidizing the organic materials within stains, making them more soluble and easier to remove.
7. Optical Brighteners: These ingredients enhance color brightness by absorbing ultraviolet light and emitting visible light, creating the illusion of brighter and cleaner fabrics. Common optical brighteners include stilbene-based compounds, distyrylbiphenyl derivatives, and coumarin derivatives. The most commonly used optical brightener in liquid detergent is Tinopal CBS-X by BASF.
8. Foam Control Agents: These agents, often silicone-based, reduce the foaming tendency of detergent solutions. Excessive foam can negatively impact cleaning performance by preventing effective contact between the detergent and the fabric. High-efficiency(HE) detergents for laundry in HE washers. AEO-9, which is commonly added into HE laundry detergent formulas as a secondary surfactant, also can serve as a defoaming agent.
9. Fragrances, Colorants, and Preservatives: These ingredients enhance the presentation, appeal, and shelf life of laundry detergent liquids. Fragrances provide a pleasant scent, while colorants add visual appeal. Preservatives, such as benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT), prevent microbial growth and extend product shelf life.

By understanding the roles of each component and their interactions, industry insiders can design innovative and high-performance laundry detergent liquid formulations that meet consumer needs and adhere to regulatory standards.

Practical Liquid Detergent Formulations

A. Common Standard Laundry Detergent Liquid Formula

Presenting a widely adopted standard laundry detergent liquid formula, this comprehensive list encompasses the vital ingredients along with their respective weight percentages and the role they play within the formulation. This carefully crafted combination of components ensures optimal performance, resulting in efficiently cleaned and refreshed laundry.

IngredientWt, % (as is)FunctionCaustic soda0.83%NeutralizerLABSA 96%6.2%Primary SurfactantSLES 70%9.0%Primary SurfactantCDEA 70%2.0%Secondary SurfactantAEO-91.0%Secondary SurfactantEDTA-2Na0.5%Chelating agentFragrance, Dye, Preservativesq.s.AdditivesDeionized waterq.s. to 100%Solvent, CarrierSalt (NaCl)q.s. to achieve desired viscosityThickenerCitric acidq.s. to achieve desired pH (7-8)pH AdjusterA Typical Standard Laundry Detergent Liquid Formula

In this standard formulation:

• Caustic soda serves as a neutralizer.
• LABSA and SLES are the primary surfactants for core cleaning and foaming properties.
• CDEA and AEO-9 function as secondary surfactants to enhance performance and stabilize foam.
• EDTA-2Na is used as a chelating agent to improve surfactant efficiency.
• Fragrance, dye, and preservatives are added for product aesthetics and shelf-life.
• Deionized water acts as a solvent and carrier for the ingredients.
• Salt (sodium chloride) is used as a thickener for desired viscosity.
• Citric acid adjusts the pH to an optimal range (7-8).

B. High-efficiency (HE) Laundry Detergent Liquid Formula

HE laundry detergents are specifically designed for use in high-efficiency washing machines that use less water. These formulations have reduced sudsing and are highly concentrated, delivering exceptional cleaning performance with smaller amounts of water and detergent.

Here is an example:

IngredientWt, % (as is)FunctionCaustic soda0.4%NeutralizerLABSA 96%3.0%Primary SurfactantSLES 70%10.0%Primary SurfactantCAB 35%10.0%Secondary SurfactantOP-104.0%Secondary SurfactantAEO-94.0%Secondary SurfactantEDTA-2Na0.2%Chelating agentFragrance, Dye, Preservativesq.s.AdditivesDeionized waterq.s. to 100%Solvent, CarrierSalt (NaCl)q.s. to achieve desired viscosityThickenerCitric acidq.s. to achieve the desired pH (7-8)pH AdjusterAn Ultra-concentrated HE Laundry Detergent Liquid Formula

In this formulation:

• LABSA and SLES function as primary surfactants, providing the core detergency and foaming properties.
• CAB, OP-10, and AEO-9 are secondary surfactants that enhance cleaning performance and foam control.
• Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) neutralizes acids in the formulation.
• EDTA-2Na, a chelating agent, binds and stabilizes metal ions to improve surfactant efficiency.
• Fragrance, dye, and preservatives are added as per requirement to improve product aesthetics and shelf-life.
• Deionized water acts as a solvent and carrier for the detergent ingredients.
• Salt (sodium chloride) functions as a thickener to achieve the desired viscosity.
• Citric acid is used to adjust the pH of the formulation to an optimal range (7-8).

C. Economical Laundry Detergent Liquid Formula

Featuring an affordable yet effective blend of ingredients, this economical laundry detergent liquid formula provides an acceptable level of cleaning performance at a reduced cost, making it an ideal solution for consumers seeking a budget-friendly option for maintaining clean and fresh laundry.

IngredientWt, % (as is)FunctionCaustic soda0.2%NeutralizerLABSA 96%1.5%Primary SurfactantSLES 70%3.0%Primary SurfactantCDEA 70%1.0%Secondary SurfactantEDTA-2Na0.2%Chelating agentFragrance, Dye, Preservativesq.s.AdditivesDeionized waterq.s. to 100%Solvent, CarrierHPMC0.3%ThickenerSalt (NaCl)q.s. to achieve desired viscosityThickenerCitric acidq.s. to achieve desired pH (7-8)pH AdjusterAn Economical Laundry Detergent Liquid Formula

In this economical formulation:

• Caustic soda neutralizes acids in the formulation.
• LABSA and SLES function as primary surfactants for core cleaning and foaming properties.
• CDEA acts as a secondary surfactant, enhancing performance and foam stabilization.
• EDTA-2Na performs as a chelating agent to improve surfactant efficiency.
• Fragrance, dye, and preservatives add aesthetics and shelf-life to the product.
• Deionized water acts as a solvent and carrier for the detergent ingredients.
• HPMC functions as a thickener to achieve the desired viscosity.
• Salt (sodium chloride) is also used as a thickener for desired viscosity.
• Citric acid adjusts the pH of the formulation to an optimal range (7-8).

D. Mild Laundry Detergent Liquid Formula for Sensitive Skin

Formulations intended for sensitive skin are free from known irritants, such as fragrances, dyes, and certain enzymes. These products prioritize gentle cleaning agents, hypoallergenic ingredients, and thorough rinsability to minimize the risk of skin irritation.

A Sensitive Skin Liquid Laundry Detergent Formula:

IngredientWt, % (as is)FunctionAlkyl Polyglucoside (APG)4%Primary SurfactantSodium Cocoamphoacetate2%Secondary SurfactantSodium Citrate3%Builder, pH adjusterGlycerin1.5%Humectant, Mildness EnhancerProtease Enzyme (non-proteolytic)0.3%Stain and Soil RemoverAmylase Enzyme0.3%Stain and Soil RemoverSodium Gluconate0.8%Chelating AgentAloe Vera Extract1%Soothing Agent, Mildness EnhancerPanthenol (Vitamin B5)0.5%Fabric Softener, Mildness EnhancerDeionized waterq.s. to 100%Solvent, CarrierA mild laundry detergent liquid formula for sensitive skin

This Sensitive Skin Liquid Laundry Detergent Formula features:

• Alkyl Polyglucoside (APG) as a primary surfactant that provides gentle and effective cleaning performance.
• Sodium Cocoamphoacetate, which acts as a secondary surfactant and helps enhance the overall detergency while maintaining mildness.
• Sodium Citrate as a builder and pH adjuster, contributing to improved cleaning efficiency while ensuring a skin-friendly pH level.
• Glycerin serves as a humectant and enhances the mildness of the detergent.
• Protease (non-proteolytic) and Amylase enzymes for effective stain and soil removal without causing irritation.
• Sodium Gluconate as a biodegradable chelating agent, helping the detergent work more effectively in hard water conditions.
• Aloe Vera extract to add soothing properties and further enhance the mildness of the formula.
• Panthenol (Vitamin B5) functions as a fabric softener and provides an extra layer of mildness.
• Deionized water as the solvent and carrier for the detergent ingredients.

Developing Advanced Surfactants

A. Novel High-performance Anionic Surfactants

To improve the cleaning performance of liquid detergents, research is being conducted on developing novel high-performance anionic surfactants. These surfactants aim to deliver excellent cleaning efficacy, superior foaming properties, and high biodegradability.

B. Branched and Alkyl Polyglucoside Surfactants

Branched and alkyl polyglucoside surfactants are eco-friendly, nonionic surfactants derived from renewable resources. They exhibit low toxicity, excellent foaming, and superior cleaning performance, making them suitable for use in green and eco-friendly liquid detergent formulations.

C. Biodegradable Surfactants

As environmental concerns continue to grow, the demand for biodegradable surfactants has increased. Industry insiders are constantly researching and developing new biodegradable surfactants to minimize the environmental impact of liquid detergents and comply with stringent regulations.

Innovations in Enzymes and Biotechnology

A. Proteases and Lipases for Improved Cleaning

Innovations in enzymes have led to the development of new proteases and lipases with improved cleaning performance. These enzymes provide enhanced stain removal, better fabric care, and reduced environmental impact when incorporated into liquid detergent formulations.

B. Engineered Enzymes for Enhanced Performance

Biotechnology advancements have allowed for the development of engineered enzymes with enhanced performance characteristics. These enzymes provide improved temperature and pH stability, substrate specificity, and resistance to inhibition by detergents, leading to superior cleaning performance.

C. Enzymes for Cold Water Washing

As energy conservation becomes a global concern, industry insiders are working on developing enzymes that maintain their activity and performance in cold water washing conditions. Undertaking this would lead to reduced energy consumption and significant cost savings for the consumer.

Optimal pH and Buffer Systems in Liquid Detergents

The pH value and buffering capacity of a liquid detergent play a crucial role in its overall cleaning performance. Most liquid detergents are alkaline, with a pH range of 7 to 11, as alkaline conditions promote the solubilization of soils and enhance the effectiveness of enzymes and surfactants. Buffer systems are employed to maintain this optimal pH and resist changes during product storage and use. Common buffering agents include sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium citrate.

Regulatory and Compliance Requirements

A. Environmental Regulations

Environmental regulations govern the use of certain chemicals, the biodegradability of surfactants, and the incorporation of phosphates in detergent formulations. Industry insiders must stay abreast of these regulations to ensure their products comply with environmental guidelines and minimize the ecological impact.

B. Safety Testing and Labeling

Liquid detergents must undergo rigorous safety testing to establish their potential risk to human health and the environment. Proper labeling is mandatory to communicate hazards, precautions, and usage instructions to the consumer. Regulatory compliance must be maintained for all aspects of safety testing and labeling.

C. Ingredient Restriction and Bans

Certain ingredients, such as phosphates, nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs), and some optical brighteners, are either restricted or banned in specific regions due to their environmental impact. Industry insiders must be mindful of these restrictions and develop formulations that do not rely on harmful or restricted ingredients.

Optimization and Cost Control in Formulation

A. Ingredient Selection and Sourcing

Sourcing high-quality, competitively priced raw materials is essential for optimizing and controlling costs in liquid detergent formulations. Identifying reliable suppliers, negotiating contracts, and maintaining a balance between cost and quality are crucial aspects of ingredient sourcing.

B. Production Efficiency

Efficient production processes lead to reduced waste, lower energy consumption, and optimized output. Industry insiders must focus on improving production efficiency through technology, process control, and workforce training to manage costs effectively.

C. Packaging and Presentation

Packaging plays a crucial role in product attractiveness, usability, and environmental impact. Selecting appropriate, cost-effective packaging materials and design elements can improve consumer appeal, reduce packaging waste, and drive down overall production costs.

Market Trends and Future Challenges

A. Personalization and Customization

As consumers increasingly demand personalized products, the liquid detergent industry must adapt to accommodate this trend. Customized formulations tailored to individual needs, preferences, and specific washing machine requirements can provide a competitive edge in the market.

B. Sustainable and Green Formulations

The demand for sustainable and eco-friendly liquid detergents continues to grow. Industry insiders must prioritize the use of renewable resources, biodegradable ingredients, and sustainable packaging solutions to meet consumer expectations and comply with stringent environmental regulations.

C. Integrating with Smart Home Technologies

The rise of smart home technologies presents new opportunities to connect liquid detergent formulations with intelligent washing machines for optimized performance and efficiency. Industry insiders will need to develop products compatible with these technologies, offering tailored formulations, dosage recommendations, and performance tracking.

Conclusion: The Future of Liquid Detergent Formulation

As the landscape of the laundry detergent sector continues to transform, it is crucial for industry professionals to excel in liquid detergent formulation. The creation of high-performance, environmentally friendly, and inventive products that adhere to regulations and satisfy consumer demands will propel the evolution of liquid detergent formulation. By keeping abreast of market trends, surfactant innovations, enzyme advancements, and biotechnological progress, industry insiders can stay ahead in this rapidly changing and competitive field.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are the essential components of a laundry detergent liquid formulation?

The essential components of a laundry detergent liquid formulation include primary and secondary surfactants, chelating agents, enzymes, builders, bleaching agents, optical brighteners, foam control agents, fragrances, colorants, and preservatives. Each of these components plays a specific role in the overall effectiveness of the detergent.

2. What are the different types of surfactants used in laundry detergent liquid formulation?

The surfactants used in laundry detergent liquid formulation can be primary or secondary. Primary surfactants, such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES), and Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (LABSA), are the core active ingredients that play a crucial role in foaming and cleansing. Secondary surfactants, like Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether (AEO), Cocamide DEA (CDEA), Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB), and Cocamidopropylamine Oxide (CAO), work alongside primary surfactants to enhance detergency, foaming, and wetting properties.

3. How are enzymes used in laundry detergent liquid formulation?

Enzymes are proteins that target specific stains and soils, breaking them down for more effective removal by the detergent’s surfactants. Proteases are a common enzyme used in laundry detergents to target protein-based stains like blood, egg, and grass. Other enzymes, such as amylases and lipases, target carbohydrates and fats, respectively.

4. What are the considerations for formulating laundry detergents for sensitive skin?

Formulations intended for sensitive skin are free from known irritants, such as fragrances, dyes, and certain enzymes. These products prioritize gentle cleaning agents, hypoallergenic ingredients, and thorough rinsability to minimize the risk of skin irritation.

5. What are the future trends and challenges in the field of laundry detergent liquid formulation?

Future trends in the field of laundry detergent liquid formulation include personalization and customization of products, sustainable and green formulations, and integration with smart home technologies. Challenges include adhering to environmental regulations, safety testing and labeling, ingredient restriction and bans, and cost control in the formulation.

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