Cylindrical batteries can be divided into lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium cobalt oxide batteries, lithium manganate batteries, and cobalt-manganese hybrid batteries based on filler materials. According to the type of shell, cylindrical lithium batteries can be steel shell lithium batteries and polymer shell lithium batteries.
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Part 1. Characteristics of cylindrical batteries
1. Appearance of cylindrical lithium battery
Cylindrical lithium batteries generally comprise positive electrode material (nickel cobalt oxide or zinc manganate), separator paper, and electrolyte. The casing of the cylindrical battery is made of aluminum-plastic composite pipe.
2. Cylindrical lithium battery capacity
The rated energy density of a single cylindrical lithium battery is between 300 and 500Wh/kg. Its specific power can reach more than 100W. According to different models and specifications of cylindrical batteries, the actual performance of this type of battery varies.
3. Safety and reliability of cylindrical lithium batteries
Cylindrical batteries have the characteristics of high safety and stability, resistance to overcharge, high temperature resistance, and long service life.
4. Cylindrical lithium battery application
Cylindrical lithium batteries can be used as power sources. In addition, they can also be seen in digital cameras, MP3 players, notebook computers, car starters, power tools, and other portable electronic products.
Part 2. Structure of cylindrical battery
A general cylindrical lithium-ion battery consists of a casing, a cap, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte. Generally speaking, the casing of a cylindrical battery is the battery’s negative electrode, and the cap is the battery’s positive electrode. The battery casing is made of nickel-plated steel plate.
The critical difference between power cylindrical batteries and ordinary cylindrical batteries lies in the conductive connection structure of the battery. A special high-current structure design is required because the general application current of power lithium batteries is relatively large.
Part 3. 7 common types of cylindrical batteries
Cylindrical lithium batteries usually have a five-digit model number. Starting with the numbers on the left, the first and second numbers refer to the battery diameter. The third number refers to the battery height. The fifth number refers to the circle.
There are many models of cylindrical lithium batteries; the more common ones are , , , , , , and .
1. battery
The battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 44 mm. It’s the same size as what we usually call an AA battery. The capacity of this kind of battery is generally very small, only a few hundred mah. This battery is mainly used in mini electronic products, such as flashlights, mini audio, speakers, etc.
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2. battery
The battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 14 mm and a height of 50 mm. This battery voltage is generally 3.7V or 3.2V. The nominal capacity of the battery is relatively small, a little larger than the battery, generally mah. The battery has excellent discharge performance and is mainly used in consumer electronics, such as wireless audio, electric toys, digital cameras, etc.
3. battery
The battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 16 mm and a height of 34 mm. This kind of battery often appears in bright flashlights, LED flashlights, headlights, laser, lighting lamps, etc. Because the battery is shorter in height, its capacity is a little small.
4. battery
The battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 18 mm and a height of 65 mm. Its most prominent feature is that the energy density is very high, almost reaching 170 Wh/kg. Therefore, this battery is a very cost-effective battery. Most of the batteries we often see are this type of battery. Because it is a relatively mature lithium battery. battery has good system quality stability in all aspects. batteries can be widely used in battery capacity applications of about 10 kWh, such as mobile phones, laptops and other small appliances.
5. battery
The battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 21 mm and a height of 70 mm. Due to its increased volume and increased space utilization, the energy density of battery cells and systems can be increased. The volume energy density of the battery is much higher than that of the battery, and it is widely used in digital, electric vehicles, balance vehicles, solar lithium battery street lights, LED lights, power tools, etc.
6. battery
The battery is a lithium battery with a diameter of 26mm and a height of 65mm. Its nominal voltage is 3.2V. The nominal capacity is mah. batteries have excellent capacity and high consistency. It has gradually become an alternative trend to batteries, and will also gradually become popular in power batteries.
7. battery
The battery is a lithium-ion battery with a diameter of 32 mm and a height of 65 mm. This kind of battery has strong continuous discharge capability, so it is more suitable for electric toys and backup power supply. UPS battery, wind power generation system.
Part 4. Cylindrical battery voltage, capacity, charger and PCB
1. Rated voltage of cylindrical battery cells
3.7V/3.2V
2. Cylindrical battery cell capacity
Common cylindrical battery cell capacities are as follows:
- battery cell nominal capacity: 320mAh,
- battery cell nominal capacity: 500mAh-700mAh,
- battery cell nominal capacity: 600mAh-800mAh,
- battery cell nominal capacity: mAh
- battery cell nominal capacity: 700mAh,
- battery cell nominal capacity: 900mAh,
- battery cell nominal capacity: mAh-mAh,
- battery cell nominal capacity: mAh, mAh, mAh, mAh, mAh, mAh, mAh, mAh, mAh, mAh, mAh, etc.
- battery cell nominal capacity: mAh, mAh, mAh, etc.
- battery cell nominal capacity: mAh, mAh, mAh, etc.
- battery cell nominal capacity: mAh, etc.
3. Cylindrical battery pack voltage
Common cylindrical battery pack voltages are 3.2V, 3.7V, 6.4V, 7.4V, 9.6V, 11.1V, 12V, 14.8V, 22.2V, 24V, 36V, 48V, etc.
4. Cylindrical battery pack capacity
Common cylindrical battery pack capacities: 2AH, 4AH, 5AH, 6AH, 8AH, 10AH, 12AH, 15AH, 20AH, etc.
5. Cylindrical battery charger
Cylindrical battery chargers can be equipped according to different battery packs, and there is no specific charger.
6. Cylindrical battery PCB
Most cylindrical batteries have overcharge protection, overdischarge protection, short circuit protection, overcurrent protection, overheating protection and other functions to ensure battery safety.
Part 5. Cylindrical battery pros and cons
Advantages of cylindrical lithium batteries
- The cylindrical battery production process is mature, the PACK cost is low, the battery product yield is high, and the heat dissipation performance is good;
- Cylindrical batteries have formed a series of internationally unified standard specifications and models with mature technology and suitable for mass continuous production;
- The cylindrical battery has a large surface area and a good heat dissipation effect;
- Cylindrical batteries are generally sealed batteries, and there are no maintenance problems during use;
- The cylindrical battery shell has high voltage resistance and will not cause swelling of square or soft-packaged batteries during use.
Disadvantages of cylindrical lithium batteries
- The cylindrical lithium battery cell size is larger. When the current is discharged, the internal temperature of the winding core is relatively high.
- The activity at the edge of the cylindrical lithium battery pole piece is poor. Battery performance declines more obviously after long-term use.
- Cylindrical lithium batteries come in different sizes, resulting in poor versatility. The lamination process during battery production is uneven, resulting in poor consistency.
The above is a summary of all aspects of cylindrical batteries. Cylindrical lithium batteries are more suitable for large-volume automated combination production. Large-volume lithium-ion batteries such as electric bicycles and electric motorcycles are basically produced from cylindrical lithium batteries. Not only that, cylindrical lithium batteries are also recognized as green and healthy batteries. They are very environmentally friendly and can be used with confidence.
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Part 6. FAQs
Recently I noticed that there seems to be 2 styles of LiFePO4 battery cells. There is the block style (with blue plastic) that I have used in a battery build, it seems fairly common. However I now notice that there is a cylindrical tube style that seems mostly used by the scooter, electric bike crowd. One oddity I am noticing is both are sometimes called prismatic in some listings so I am not sure what that means. Is prismatic a designation for block and to use it for cylindrical an error?
I could see some advantages to using cylindrical cells if they work the same as the blocks. There seems to be a fair amount of selection when it comes to amp-hour ratings. I looked at 100ah cells and found this listing: https://www.evlithium.com/LiFePO4-Battery/100ah-cylindrical-lifepo4-battery.html I also saw several suppliers over on Alibaba.
Advantages/disadvantages? Anyone working with the cylindrical for solar battery storage and their impressions?
Recently I noticed that there seems to be 2 styles of LiFePO4 battery cells. There is the block style (with blue plastic) that I have used in a battery build, it seems fairly common. However I now notice that there is a cylindrical tube style that seems mostly used by the scooter, electric bike crowd. One oddity I am noticing is both are sometimes called prismatic in some listings so I am not sure what that means. Is prismatic a designation for block and to use it for cylindrical an error?
I could see some advantages to using cylindrical cells if they work the same as the blocks. There seems to be a fair amount of selection when it comes to amp-hour ratings. I looked at 100ah cells and found this listing: https://www.evlithium.com/LiFePO4-Battery/100ah-cylindrical-lifepo4-battery.html I also saw several suppliers over on Alibaba.
Advantages/disadvantages? Anyone working with the cylindrical for solar battery storage and their impressions?
The major advantage is you can get 20ah cylindrical cells that are rated for 3-4C for 30seconds. So the 100Ah cells you have above can do 300a for 30 seconds, and the 20ah cells can do 60A for 30sec. Basically they have a higher current to capacity hence them being used in high draw applications (scooters, wheelchairs, autos).
They cost more per Kwh because of the design changes needed to sustain higher currents.
They might have a use in a solar system when you really just need/want minimal batteries to sustain power for a short term a lack of solar (or an MPPT sweep). In a min battery setup they might make sense to be there to stabilize power output across short solar blips.
The major advantage is you can get 20ah cylindrical cells that are rated for 3-4C for 30seconds. So the 100Ah cells you have above can do 300a for 30 seconds, and the 20ah cells can do 60A for 30sec. Basically they have a higher current to capacity hence them being used in high draw applications (scooters, wheelchairs, autos).
They cost more per Kwh because of the design changes needed to sustain higher currents.
They might have a use in a solar system when you really just need/want minimal batteries to sustain power for a short term a lack of solar (or an MPPT sweep). In a min battery setup they might make sense to be there to stabilize power output across short solar blips.
I noticed that the price for 100ah ones was pretty low ~$27 per cell (even more so in quantity). Does being able to deliver higher amperage hurt them when delivering lower amperage over longer periods?
The major advantage is you can get 20ah cylindrical cells that are rated for 3-4C for 30seconds. So the 100Ah cells you have above can do 300a for 30 seconds, and the 20ah cells can do 60A for 30sec. Basically they have a higher current to capacity hence them being used in high draw applications (scooters, wheelchairs, autos).
They cost more per Kwh because of the design changes needed to sustain higher currents.
They might have a use in a solar system when you really just need/want minimal batteries to sustain power for a short term a lack of solar (or an MPPT sweep). In a min battery setup they might make sense to be there to stabilize power output across short solar blips.
This isn't a cylindrical vs. prismatic thing. It's a construction/IR thing. I have some Navitas/Topband 25Ah prismatic cells rated for 3C continuous.
To optimize cell to
maximize AH for size and weight you build cell with
thick electrodes (graphite for neg anode, LFP for positive cathode). Disadvantage of this is the thicker electrodes increase the overpotential voltage drop at higher cell current, making the cell have a
lower maximum current capability due to increased cell voltage slump at high current.
To
optimize for high current performance, you build a cell with
many thin layers of electrodes. This means more metal foil layers that takes up room so there is a bit less AH's for same size cell. But you get lower cell impedance giving
a higher peak current capability on cell.
There is a limit on how thick the electrode can be and roll it up into a cylindrical form factor without electrode cracking.
Other advantage of the cylindrical form is you have better heat dissipation to outside of cell which is also something you want for high current capable cells.
Thick electrode prismatic cells have lower manufacturing cost per AH.
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